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How to Solve It
A perennial bestseller by eminent mathematician G. Polya, "How to Solve It" will show anyone in any field how to think straight. In lucid and appealing prose, Polya reveals how the mathematical method of demonstrating a proof or finding an unknown can be of help in attacking any problem that can be "reasoned" out - from building a bridge to winning a game of anagrams. Generations of readers have relished Polya's deft - indeed, brilliant - instructions on stripping away irrelevancies and going straight to the heart of the problem. In this best-selling classic, George Polya revealed how the mathematical method of demonstrating a proof or finding an unknown can be of help in attacking any problem that can be "reasoned" out - from building a bridge to winning a game of anagrams.Generations of readers have relished Polya's deft instructions on stripping away irrelevancies and going straight to the heart of a problem. "How to Solve It" popularized heuristics, the art and science of discovery and invention. It has been in print continuously since 1945 and has been translated into twenty-three different languages. Polya was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. He made important contributions to a great variety of mathematical research: from complex analysis to mathematical physics, number theory, probability, geometry, astronomy, and combinatorics. He was also an extraordinary teacher - he taught until he was ninety - and maintained a strong interest in pedagogical matters throughout his long career.In addition to "How to Solve It", he published a two-volume work on the topic of problem solving, "Mathematics of Plausible Reasoning", also with Princeton. Polya is one of the most frequently quoted mathematicians, and the following statements from "How to Solve It" make clear why: "My method to overcome a difficulty is to go around it." "Geometry is the science of correct reasoning on incorrect figures." "In order to solve this differential equation you look at it till a solution occurs to you." -
Introduction To Commutative Algebra
This book grew out of a course of lectures given to third year undergraduates at Oxford University and it has the modest aim of producing a rapid introduction to the subject. It is designed to be read by students who have had a first elementary course in general algebra. On the other hand, it is not intended as a substitute for the more voluminous tracts such as Zariski-Samuel or Bourbaki. We have concentrated on certain central topics, and large areas, such as field theory, are not touched. In content we cover rather more ground than Northcott and our treatment is substantially different in that, following the modern trend, we put more emphasis on modules and localization. -
代数
本书由著名代数学家与代数几何学家Michael Artin所著,是作者在代数领域数十年的智慧和经验的结晶。书中既介绍了矩阵运算、群、向量空间、线性算子、对称等较为基本的内容,又介绍了环、模型、域、伽罗瓦理论等较为高深的内容。本书对于提高数学理解能力,增强对代数的兴趣是非常有益处的。此外,本书的可阅读性强,书中的习题也很有针对性,能让读者很快地掌握分析和思考的方法。 作者结合这20年来的教学经历及读者的反馈,对本版进行了全面更新,更强调对称性、线性群、二次数域和格等具体主题。本版的具体更新情况如下: 新增球面、乘积环和因式分解的计算方法等内容,并补充给出一些结论的证明,如交错群是简单的、柯西定理、分裂定理等。 修订了对对应定理、SU2 表示、正交关系等内容的讨论,并把线性变换和因子分解都拆分为两章来介绍。 新增大量习题,并用星号标注出具有挑战性的习题。 本书在麻省理工学院、普林斯顿大学、哥伦比亚大学等著名学府得到了广泛采用,是代数学的经典教材之一。 -
Partial Differential Equations
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Convex Optimization
Convex optimization problems arise frequently in many different fields. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, and shows in detail how such problems can be solved numerically with great efficiency. The book begins with the basic elements of convex sets and functions, and then describes various classes of convex optimization problems. Duality and approximation techniques are then covered, as are statistical estimation techniques. Various geometrical problems are then presented, and there is detailed discussion of unconstrained and constrained minimization problems, and interior-point methods. The focus of the book is on recognizing convex optimization problems and then finding the most appropriate technique for solving them. It contains many worked examples and homework exercises and will appeal to students, researchers and practitioners in fields such as engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, finance and economics. -
Problems and Theorems in Analysis I