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The Meaning of Life
'Philosophers have an infuriating habit of analysing questions rather than answering them', writes Terry Eagleton, who, in these pages, asks the most important question any of us ever ask, and attempts to answer it. So what is the meaning of life? In this witty, spirited, and stimulating inquiry, Eagleton shows how centuries of thinkers - from Shakespeare and Schopenhauer to Marx, Sartre and Beckett - have tackled the question. Refusing to settle for the bland and boring, Eagleton reveals with a mixture of humour and intellectual rigour how the question has become particularly problematic in modern times. Instead of addressing it head-on, we take refuge from the feelings of 'meaninglessness' in our lives by filling them with a multitude of different things: from football and sex, to New Age religions and fundamentalism. 'Many of the readers of this book are likely to be as sceptical of the phrase "the meaning of life" as they are of Santa Claus', he writes. But Eagleton contends that in a world where we need to find common meanings, it is important that we set about answering the question of all questions; and, in conclusion, he suggests his own answer. -
生命的意義是爵士樂團
生命的意義是什麼? 說是「死亡」、「欲望」、「沉思」,都太沉重。 其實,每個人就像是爵士樂團的一員,而生命就是一場彼此襯托的即興演出。 在今日,想討論「生命的意義是什麼?」,大概只會惹來一陣訕笑。 有人覺得這是個迂腐八股的問題,畢竟,我們不是都知道「生命的意義在創造宇宙繼起之生命」嗎?有人覺得這是個無聊可笑的問題,根本沒什麼好問的,只要Google一下,就知道答案是「42」。 確實,這是個荒謬的問題,但或許它的荒謬之處,正在於儘管我們已經世故到明白它不可能有答案,心中卻還是天真到令人尷尬地想知道: 這一切,究竟所為何來? 文學理論大師伊格頓自稱「冒著被歸類為研究尼斯湖水怪等無聊問題的怪異學者的風險」,秉持一貫的幽默、機智與反諷,從分析「生命的意義是什麼」這個問題本身的意義開始,探討了從古自今的各種答案,最後還不惜厚顏地提出他自己的答案:生命的意義是--爵士樂團。 -
如何閱讀文學
當代最重要的英國思想家 & 頂尖文化評論家 泰瑞‧依格頓 帶著你找到文本分析的樂趣,開啟慢讀新風潮! ☆閱讀文學的重點,不在於作品「說了什麼」,也包括它「如何說」。☆ 這是一本寫給初學者與文學愛好者的指南。當代最頂尖的文化評論家泰瑞‧依格頓以一連串精彩的分析手法,為讀者示範了從敘述、情節、角色、文學語言、詮釋、小說的本質、價值判斷等各個面向的分析方法,並引用了從莎士比亞到J.K‧羅琳等大量英文文本,是一本生動有趣的文學「伴讀」之書,也是最翔實有用的文學分析入門。 開頭 Openings 創世紀的開頭、白鯨記的開頭、咆哮山莊的開頭……各有其不同的特色與筆調;文學作品的開頭,其實就暗示了作品之後的情節展開、格局與人物的性格。 人物 Character 文學人物的生命只存在於文本之中;然而,他們帶給讀者的,是想像與體驗另一種生活的可能。 敘事 Narrative 情節是敘事的一部分,但情節無法道盡敘事的全貌。我們一般將情節稱之為故事的重要行動。情節決定了人物、事件與處境三者相互連結的方式……簡言之,當某人問我們這篇故事在說什麼時,他想知道的就是所謂的情節。 詮釋 Interpretation 我們稱為文學的東西,通常在寫作時主要不是為了告訴我們事實。一部作品可以同時是真實的與想像的,同時擁有事實與虛構。小說被置入某個脈絡之中,它的真實或虛假因此不再是重點。真正要緊的是,小說如何在作品的想像邏輯裡行動。 價值 Value 是什麼決定了文學作品是好,是壞,還是平庸?數世紀以來,有許多人試圖回答這個問題。洞察的深度,與真實人生的貼近程度,形式的連貫,普世性的訴求,道德的複雜性,語言的創造性,想像的視野:這些都曾被提出來做為評估作品偉大程度的指標。 「卓越、眩目以及其他書評家的形容詞都不足以形容《如何閱讀文學》。而且這本書──容我斗膽這麼說──還很好笑。顯然你應該讀讀泰瑞‧伊格頓剛完成的這部作品,因為你可以從中學到很多東西。不管怎麼說,這個人可是世界上首屈一指的批評家與老師,他以福爾摩斯的技巧抽絲剝繭,同時也揶揄句子乃至於某個單字的意義。但《如何閱讀文學》真正特出的地方,在於伊格頓個人的機智與幽默,他的隨和與親切躍然紙上。這不只是一本值得研讀的書,也是一本床邊書,一本充滿樂趣的書。」──麥可‧德達(Michale Dirda),《悅讀經典》(Classics for Pleasure)作者 「這不只是一本娛樂書,而是一本重要的書。在尼采之後,伊格頓提到「慢讀」這項人類活動正遭受嚴重的威脅。在本書中,他引領我們回到最基本的元素,透過一連串敏銳的分析,將閱讀的核心面向融入其中。我喜愛伊格頓輕鬆的筆調,如此容易理解而具體;但他並未因此而喪失了細微或巧妙。這是一本適合每個讀者閱讀的作品,不只限於初學者。而且也非常適合在課堂上講授。」──傑‧帕里尼(Jay Parnini),《詩為何重要》(Why Poetry Matters)作者 -
Literary Theory: An Introduction
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The Event of Literature
In this characteristically concise, witty, and lucid book, Terry Eagleton turns his attention to the questions we should ask about literature, but rarely do. What is literature? Can we even speak of "literature" at all? What do different literary theories tell us about what texts mean and do? In throwing new light on these and other questions he has raised in previous best-sellers, Eagleton offers a new theory of what we mean by literature. He also shows what it is that a great many different literary theories have in common. In a highly unusual combination of critical theory and analytic philosophy, the author sees all literary work, from novels to poems, as a strategy to contain a reality that seeks to thwart that containment, and in doing so throws up new problems that the work tries to resolve. The "event" of literature, Eagleton argues, consists in this continual transformative encounter, unique and endlessly repeatable. Freewheeling through centuries of critical ideas, he sheds light on the place of literature in our culture, and in doing so reaffirms the value and validity of literary thought today. -
How to Read Literature