This book contains the products of work carried out over four decades of research in Italy, France and the United States, and in the intellectual territory between social movements, comparative politics, and historical sociology. Using a variety of methods ranging from statistical analysis to historical case studies to linguistic analysis, the book centers on historical catalogs of protest events and cycles of collective action. Sidney Tarrow places social movements in the broader arena of contentious politics, in relation to states, political parties and other actors. From peasants and communists in 1960s Italy, to movements and politics in contemporary western polities, to the global justice movement in the new century, the book argues that contentious actors are neither outside of nor completely within politics, but rather they occupy the uncertain territory between total opposition and integration into policy.

本书旨在对以下中心议题作出回答：政权的变化和变异是如何对集体诉求的伸张形式——斗争政治——产生影响的？作者从历史与现实的斗争事件中撷取了大量的案例——从17世纪法国的袭击军队事件到20世纪秘鲁的政治转型、南非的反种族隔离运动、卢旺达的种族屠杀，直至21世纪的恐怖活动、集体暴力、内战和跨国社会运动——并结合其有关政权之政府权能与民主程度的类型学划分，向读者展现了近两百年来世界范围内的斗争政治变迁及其与政权发展之间复杂动态的因果关联。

For more than a century, from 1900 to 2006, campaigns of nonviolent resistance were more than twice as effective as their violent counterparts in achieving their stated goals. By attracting impressive support from citizens, whose activism takes the form of protests, boycotts, civil disobedience, and other forms of nonviolent noncooperation, these efforts help separate regimes from their main sources of power and produce remarkable results, even in Iran, Burma, the Philippines, and the Palestinian Territories. Combining statistical analysis with case studies of specific countries and territories, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan detail the factors enabling such campaigns to succeed and, sometimes, causing them to fail. They find that nonviolent resistance presents fewer obstacles to moral and physical involvement and commitment, and that higher levels of participation contribute to enhanced resilience, greater opportunities for tactical innovation and civic disruption (and therefore less incentive for a regime to maintain its status quo), and shifts in loyalty among opponents' erstwhile supporters, including members of the military establishment. Chenoweth and Stephan conclude that successful nonviolent resistance ushers in more durable and internally peaceful democracies, which are less likely to regress into civil war. Presenting a rich, evidentiary argument, they originally and systematically compare violent and nonviolent outcomes in different historical periods and geographical contexts, debunking the myth that violence occurs because of structural and environmental factors and that it is necessary to achieve certain political goals. Instead, the authors discover, violent insurgency is rarely justifiable on strategic grounds.

How can we get inside popular collective struggles and explain how they work? Contentious Performances presents a distinctive approach to analyzing such struggles, drawing especially on incomparably rich evidence from Great Britain between 1758 and 1834. The book accomplishes three main things. First, it presents a logic and method for describing contentious events, occasions on which people publicly make consequential claims on each other. Second, it shows how that logic yields superior explanations of the dynamics in such events, both individually and in the aggregate. Third, it illustrates its methods and arguments by means of detailed analyses of contentious events in Great Britain from 1758 to 1834.

本书对20世纪70年代以来的威权主义政治进行了简要分析。 第一部分 社会抗争与民主转型理论 第一章 从社会运动、革命理论到抗争政治理论 一、社会运动理论 二、革命理论 三、抗争政治理论 第二章 民主转型的条件 一、过程民主 二、合法性危机 三、经济发展 四、社会结构 五、文化 六、外部环境 第三章 民主转型的模式 一、内部协定 二、内外谈判 三、民众动员 四、社会抗争 第二部分 结构因素 第四章 政治结构 一、国家类型 二、横向权力分配 三、纵向权力分配 四、决策模式 五、政治衰败 第五章 经济与社会发展 一、发展模式 二、经济结构 三、非均衡发展 四、国家干预及其后果 第六章 社会变迁 一、动力与景观 二、阶级结构 三、公民社会 四、抗衡国家 第三部分 过程与机制 第七章 抗争动员 一、机遇螺旋 二、机遇—威胁归因 三、社会利用 四、居间联系 第八章 认同构造 一、类型塑成 二、边界激活 三、居间联系 四、对象转移 第九章 抗争转变 一、扩散与效仿 二、居间联系 三、认同改变 四、精英背叛 第四部分 结论 第十章 抗争如何促进转型 一、转型催化剂：抗争的条件 二、化学反应 三、政权抵制抗争的类型差异 参考文献