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双城记
《双城记》是狄更斯最重要的代表作之一。早在创作《双城记》之前很久,狄更斯就对法国大革命极为关注,反复研读英国历史学家卡莱尔的《法国革命史》和其他学者的有关著作。他对法国大革命的浓厚兴趣发端于对当时英国潜伏着的严重的社会危机的担忧。1854年底,他说:“我相信,不满情绪像这样冒烟比火烧起来还要坏得多,这特别像法国在第一次革命爆发前的公众心理,这就有危险,由于千百种原因——如收成不好、贵族阶级的专横与无能把已经紧张的局面最后一次加紧、海外战争的失利、国内偶发事件等等——变成那次从未见过的一场可怕的大火。”可见,《双城记》这部历史小说的创作动机在于借古讽今,以法国大革命的历史经验为借鉴,给英国统治阶级敲响警钟;同时,通过对革命恐怖的极端描写,也对心怀愤懑、希图以暴力对抗暴政的人民群众提出警告,幻想为社会矛盾日益加深的英国现状寻找一条出路。 从这个目的出发,小说深刻地揭露了法国大革命前深深激化了的社会矛盾,强烈地抨击贵族阶级的荒淫残暴,并深切地同情下层人民的苦难。作品尖锐地指出,人民群众的忍耐是有限度的,在贵族阶级的残暴统治下,人民群众迫于生计,必然奋起反抗。这种反抗是正义的。小说还描绘了起义人民攻击巴士底狱等壮观场景,表现了人民群众的伟大力量。然而,作者站在资产阶级人道主义的立场上,即反对残酷压迫人民的暴政,也反对革命人民反抗暴政的暴力。在狄更斯笔下,整个革命被描写成一场毁灭一切的巨大灾难,它无情地惩罚罪恶的贵族阶级,也盲目地杀害无辜的人们。 这部小说塑造了三类人物。一类是以厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟为代表的封建贵族,他们“唯一不可动摇的哲学就是压迫人”,是作者痛加鞭挞的对象。另一类是得伐石夫妇等革命群众。必须指出的是,他们的形象是被扭曲的。例如得伐石的妻子狄安娜,她出生于被侮辱、被迫害的农家,对封建贵族怀着深仇大恨,作者深切地同情她的悲惨遭遇,革命爆发前后很赞赏她坚强的性格、卓越的才智和非凡的组织领导能力;但当革命进一步深入时,就笔锋一转,把她贬斥为一个冷酷、凶狠、狭隘的复仇者。尤其是当她到医生住所搜捕路茜和小路茜时,更被表现为嗜血成性的狂人。最后,作者让她死在自己的枪口之下,明确地表示了否定的态度。第三类是理想化人物,是作者心目中以人道主义解决社会矛盾、以博爱战胜仇恨的榜样,包括梅尼特父女、代尔纳、劳雷和卡尔登等。梅尼特医生被侯爵兄弟害得家破人亡,对侯爵兄弟怀有深仇大恨,但是为了女儿的爱,可以摒弃宿仇旧恨;代尔纳是侯爵兄弟的子侄,他大彻大悟,谴责自己家族的罪恶,抛弃爵位和财产,决心以自己的行动来 “赎罪”。这对互相辉映的人物,一个是贵族暴政的受害者,宽容为怀;一个是贵族侯爵的继承人,主张仁爱。他们中间,更有作为女儿和妻子的路茜。在爱的纽带的维系下,他们组成一个互相谅解、感情融洽的幸福家庭。这显然是作者设想的一条与暴力革命截然相反的解决社会矛盾的出路,是不切实际的。 《双城记》有其不同于一般历史小说的地方,它的人物和主要情节都是虚构的。在法国大革命广阔的真实背景下,作者以虚构人物梅尼特医生的经历为主线索,把冤狱、爱情与复仇三个互相独立而又互相关联的故事交织在一起,情节错综,头绪纷繁。作者采取倒叙、插叙、伏笔、铺垫等手法,使小说结构完整严密,情节曲折紧张而富有戏剧性,表现了卓越的艺术技巧。《双城记》风格肃穆、沉郁,充满忧愤,但缺少早期作品的幽默。 -
大卫·科波菲尔(上下)
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Little Dorrit
Book Description The Wordsworth Classics covers a huge list of beloved works of literature in English and translations. This growing series is rigorously updated, with scholarly introductions and notes added to new titles. This work is a tale of imprisonment, both literal and symbolic, that emphasizes personal responsibility in all areas of life. It draws on Dicken's own childhood experiences of the Marshalsea Debtor's Prison, and is full of psychological insights combining historical and social detail. The Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of Literature Novel by Charles Dickens, published serially from 1855 to 1857 and in book form in 1857. The novel attacks the injustices of the contemporary English legal system, particularly the institution of debtors' prison. Amy Dorrit, referred to as Little Dorrit, is born and lives much of her life at the Marshalsea prison where her father is imprisoned for debt. She earns meager wages at jobs outside the prison walls, returning nightly to Marshalsea. One of her jobs is as a seamstress for Mrs. Clennam, whose son Arthur eventually helps free Mr. Dorrit from prison. Arthur becomes a debtor himself and falls in love with Little Dorrit, but because their financial circumstances are now reversed, he does not ask her to marry him. In the end miserly Mrs. Clenam is forced to reveal that Arthur is not really her son and that she had been keeping money from him and the Dorrits for many years. Little Dorrit and Arthur are then free to marry. About Author David Gates is the author of the novels Jernigan and Preston Falls and a collection of short stories, The Wonders of the Invisible World. He writes for Newsweek and teaches at the New School for Social Research and Hunter College. He lives in Brooklyn and in Washington County, New York. Book Dimension : length: (cm)19.8 width:(cm)12.6 -
Hard Times
在线阅读本书 Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Kate Flint. -
A Tale of Two Cities
After eighteen years as a political prisoner in the Bastille the aging Dr Manette is finally released and reunited with his daughter in England. There two very different men, Charles Darnay, an exiled French aristocrat, and Sydney Carton, a disreputable but brilliant English lawyer, become enmeshed through their love for Lucie Manette. From the tranquil lanes of London, they are all drawn against their will to the vengeful, bloodstained streets of Paris at the height of the Reign of Terror and soon fall under the lethal shadow of La Guillotine. -
远大前程
《世界文学名著典藏(全译本):远大前程》是狄更斯最优秀的小说之一。故事讲述了一个出身卑微、有着艰苦童年的年轻人皮普的成长经历。皮普从小跟姐姐、姐夫生活。他在郝薇香小姐家遇到了高傲、美貌的艾丝黛拉并爱上了她,但艾丝黛拉却对他傲慢无礼。后来皮普受到一位不愿透露姓名的人的资助,到伦敦学做绅士。然而,皮普逐渐看透了这些以社会地位的晋升和财富为标准的浅薄价值观。他发现他的秘密资助人并不是他之前以为的郝薇香小姐,而是他曾经帮过一把的逃犯。同时,他还发现自己深爱着的、以为属于上流社会的艾丝黛拉原来是这名逃犯和一个女仆的女儿。郝薇香小姐是个苦命的女人,她的生活中只有恨,没有爱,从她的经历以及粗鄙无情的朱穆尔身上,皮普看到了隐藏在高级阶层光鲜生活背后人性的缺失。多年的飘荡之后,皮普最终回到了家乡,他从逃犯马格韦契和自己可怜的姐夫乔身上体会到了人真正的内在价值以及什么才是优秀的绅士风范。皮普终于明白:他曾经看不起的逃犯给予他的关怀以及乔对他的无私疼爱才是真正值得他珍惜的。