chapter 1. atoms in motion . 1-1 introduction 1-1 1-2 matter is made of atoms 1-2 1-3 atomic processes 1-5 1-4 chemical reactions 1-6 chapter 2. basic physics 2-1 introduction 2-i 2-2 physics before 1920 2-3 2-3 quantum physics 2-6 2-4 nuclei and particles 2-8 chapter 3. the relation of physics to other sciences 3-1 introduction 3-1 3-2 chemistry 3-1 3-3 biology 3-2 3-4 astronomy 3-6 3-5 geology 3-7 3-6 psychology 3-8 3-7 how did it get that way ? 3-9 chapter 4. conservation of energy 4-1 what is energy? 4-1 .4-2 gravitational potential energy 4-2 4-3 kinetic energy 4-5 4-4 other forms of energy 4-6 chapter 5. time and distance 5-1 motion 5-1 5-2 time 5-1 5-3 short times 5-2 5-4 long times 5-3 5-5 units and standards of time 5-5 5-6 large distances 5-5 5-7 short distances 5-8 chaffer 6. probability 6-1 chance and likelihood 6-1 6-2 fluctuations 6-3 6-3 the random walk 6-5 6-4 a probability distribution 6-7 6-5 the uncertainty principle 6-10 chapter 7. the theory of gravitation 7-1 planetary motions 7-1 7-2 kepler's laws 7-1 7-3 development of dynamics 7-2 7-4 newton's law of gravitation 7-3 7-5 universal gravitation 7-5 7-6 cavendish's experiment 7-9 7-7 what is gravity ? 7-9 7-8 gravity and relativity 7-11 chapter 8. motion 8-1 description of motion 8-1 8-2 speed 8-2 8-3 speed as a derivative 8-5 8-4 distance as an integral 8-7 8-5 acceleration 8-8 chapter 9. newton's laws of dynamics 9-1 momentum and force 9-1 9-2 speed and velocity 9-2 9-3 components of velocity, acceleration, and force 9-3 9-4 what is the force? 9-3 9-5 meaning of the dynamical equations 9-4 9-6 numerical solution of the equations 9-5 9-7 planetary motions 9--6 chapter 10. conservation of momentum 10-1 newton's third law 10-1 10-2 conservation of momentum 10-2 10-3 momentum is conserved! 10-5 10-4 momentum and energy 10-7 10-5 relativistic momentum 10-8 chapter 11. vectors 11-1 symmetry in physics 11-1 11-2 translations 11-1 11-3 rotations 11-3 11-4 vectors 11-5 11-5 vector algebra 11-6 11-6 newton's laws in vector notation 11-7 11-7 scalar product of vectors 11-8 chapter 12. characteristics of force 12-1 what is a force7 i2-1 12-2 friction 12-3 12-3 molecular forces 12-6 12-4 fundamental forces. fields 12-7 12-5 pseudo forces 12-10 12-6 nuclear forces 12-12 chapter 13. work and potential energy (a) 13-1 energy of a falling body 13-1 13-2 work done by gravity 13-3 13-3 summation of energy 13-6 13-4 gravitational field of large objects 13-8 chapter 14. work and potential energy (conclusion) 14-1 work 14-1 14-2 constrained motion 14-3 14-3 conservative forces 14-3 14-4 nonconservative forces 14-6 14-5 potentials and fields 14-7 chapter 15. the special theory of relativity 15-1 the principle of relativity 15-1 15-2 the lorentz transformation 15-3 15-3 the michelson-morley experiment 15-3 15-4 transformation of time 15-5 15-5 the lorentz contraction 15-7 15-6 simultaneity 15-7 15-7 four-vectors 15-8 15-8 relativistic dynamics 15-9 15-9 equivalence of mass and energy 15-10 chapter 16. relativistic energy and momentum 16-1 relativity and the philosophers 16-1 16-2 the twin paradox 16-3 16-3 transformation of velocities 16-4 16-4 relativistic mass 16-6 16-5 relativistic energy 16-8 chapter 17. space=time 17-1 the geometry of space-time 17-1 17-2 space-time intervals 17-2 17-3 past, present, and future 17-4 17-4 more about four-vectors 17-5 17-5 four-vector algebra 17-7 chapter 18. rotation in two dimensions 18-1 the center of mass 18-1 18-2 rotation of a rigid body 18-2 18-3 angular momentum 18-5 18-4 conservation of angular momentum 18-6 chapter 19. center of mass; moment of inertia 19-1 properties of the center of mass 19-1 19-2 locating the center of mass 19-4 19-3 finding the moment of inertia 19-5 19-4 rotational kinetic energy 19-7 chapter 20. rotation in space 20-1 torques in three dimensions 20-1 20-2 the rotation equations using cross products 20-4 20-3 the gyroscope 20-5 20-4 angular momentum of a solid body 20-8 chapter 21. the harmonic oscillator 21-1 linear differential equations 21-1 21-2 the harmonic oscillator 21-1 21-3 harmonic motion and circular motion 21-4 21-4 initialconditions 21-4 21-5 forced oscillations 21-5 chapter 22. algeara 22-1 addition and multiplication 22-1 22-2 the inverse operations 22-2 22-3 abstraction and generalization 22-3 22-4 approximating irrational numbers 22-4 22-5 complex numbers 22-7 22-6 imaginary exponents 22-9 chapter 23. resonance 23-1 complex numbers and harmonic motion 23-1 23-2 the forced oscillator with damping 23-3 23-3 electrical resonance 23-5 23-4 resonance in nature 23-7 chapter 24. transients 24-1 the energy of an oscillator 24-1 24-2 damped oscillations 24-2 24-3 electrical transients 24-5 chapter 25. linear systems and review 25-1 linear differential equations 25-1 25-2 superposition of solutions 25-2 25-3 oscillations in linear systems 25-5 25-4 analogs in physics 25-6 25-5 series and parallel impedances 25-8 chapter 26. optics: the principle of least time .. 26-1 light 26-1 26-2 reflection and refraction 26-2 26-3 fermat's principle of least time 26-3 26-4 applications of fermat's principle 26-5 26-5 a more precise statement of fermat's principle 26-7 26-6 how it works 26-8 chapter 27. geometrical optics 27-1 introduction 27-1 27-2 the focal length of a spherical surface 27-1 27-3 the focal length of a lens 27-4 27-4 magnification 27-5 27-5 compound lenses 27-6 27-6 aberrations 27-7 27-7 resolving power 27-7 chapter 28. electromagnetic radiation 28-1 eiectromagnetism 28-1 28-2 radiation 28-3 28-3 the dipole radiator 28-5 28-4 interference 28-6 chapter 29. interference 29-1 electromagnetic waves 29-1 29-2 energy of radiation 29-2 29-3 sinusoidal waves 29-2 29-4 two dipole radiators 29-3 29-5 the mathematics of interference 29-5 chapter 30. diffraction 30-1 the resultant amplitude due to n equal oscillators 30-1 30-2 the diffraction grating 30-3 30-3 resolving power of a grating 30-5 30-4 the parabolic antenna 30-6 30-5 colored films; crystals 30-7 30-6 diffraction by opaque screens 30-8 30-7 the field of a plane of oscillating charges 30-10 chapter 31. the origin of the refractive index 31-1 the index of refraction 31-1 31-2 the field due to the material 31-4 31-3 dispersion 31-6 31-4 absorption 31-8 31-5 the energy carried by an electric wave 31-9 31-6 diffraction of light by a screen 31-10 chapter 32. radiation damping. light scattering 32-1 radiation resistance 32-1 32-2 the rate of radiation of energy 32-2 32-3 radiation damping 32-3 32-4 independent sources 32-5 32-5 scaftering of light 32-6 chapter 33. polarization 33-1 the electric vector of light 33-1 33-2 polarization of scattered light 33-3 33-3 birefringence 33-3 33-4 polarizers 33-5 33-5 optical activity 33-6 33-6 the intensity of reflected light 33-7 33-7 anomalous refraction 33-9 chapter 34. relativistic effects in radiation 34-1 moving sources 34-1 34-2 finding the "apparent" motion 34-2 34-3 synchrotron radiation 34-3 34-4 cosmic synchrotron radiation 34-6 34-5 bremsstrahlung 34-6 34-6 the doppler effect 34-7 34-7 the co, k four-vector 34-9 34-8 aberration 34-10 34-9 the momentum of light 34-10 chapter 35, color vision 35-1 the human eye 35-1 35-2 color depends on intensity 35-2 35-3 measuring the color sensation 35-3 35-4 the chromaticity diagram 35-6 35-5 the mechanism of color vision 35-7 35-6 physiochemistry of color vision 35-9 chapter 36. mechanisms of seeing 36-1 the sensation of color 36-1 36-2 the physiology of the eye 36-3 36-3 the rod cells 36-6 36--4 the compound (insect) eye. 36-6 36-5 other eyes 36-9 36.-6 neurology of vision 36-9 chapter 37. quantum behavior 37-1 atomic mechanics 37-1 37-2 an experiment with bullets 37-2 37-3 an experiment with waves 37-3 37-4 an experiment with electrons 37-4 37-5 the interference of electron waves 37-5 37-6 watching the electrons 37-7 37-7 first principles of quantum mechanics 37-10 37-8 the uncertainty principle 37-11 chapter 38. the relation of wave and particle viewpoints 38-1 probability wave amplitudes 38-1 38-2 measurement of position and momentum 38-2 38-3 crystal diffraction 38-4 38-4 the size of an atom 38-5 38-5 energy levels 38-7 38-6 philosophical implications 38-8 chapter 39. the kinetic theory of gases 39-1 properties of matter 39-1 39-2 the pressure of a gas 39-2 39-3 compressibility of radiation 39-6 39-4 temperature and kinetic energy 39-6 39-5 the ideal gas law 39-10 chapter 40. the principles of statistical mechanics 40-1 the exponential atmosphere 40-i 40-2 the boltzmann law 40-2 40-3 evaporation of a liquid 40-3 40-4 the distribution of molecular speeds 40-4 40-5 the specific heats of gases 40-7 40-6 the failure of classical physics 40-8 chapter 41. the brownian movement 41-1 equipartition of energy 41-1 41-2 thermal equilibrium of radiation 41-3 41-3 equipartition and the quantum oscillator 41-6 41-4 the random walk 41-8 chapter 42. applications of kinetic theory 42-1 evaporation 42-1 42-2 thermionic emission 42-4 42-3 thermal ionization 42-5 42-4 chemical kinetics 42-7 42-5 einstein's laws of radiation 42-8 chapter 43. diffusion 43-1 collisions between molecules 43-1 43-2 the mean free path 43-3 43-3 the drift speed 43-4 43-4 ionic conductivity 43-6 43-5 molecular diffusion 43-7 43-6 thermal conductivity 43-9 chapter 44. the laws of thermodynamics 44-1 heat engines; the first law 44-1 44-2 the second law 44-3 44-3 reversible engines 44-4 44-4 the efficiency of an ideal engine 44-7 44-5 the thermodynamic temperature 44-9 44-6 entropy 44-10 chapter 45. illustrations of thermodynamics 45-1 internal energy 45-1 45-2 applications 45-4 45-3 the clausius-clapeyron equation 45-6 chapter 46. ratchet and pawl 46-1 how a ratchet works 46-1 46-2 the ratchet as an engine 46-2 46-3 reversibility in mechanics 46-4 46-4 irreversibility 46-5 46-5 order and entropy 46-7 chapter 47. sound. the wave equation 47-1 waves 47-1 47-2 the propagation of sound 47-3 47-3 the wave equation 47-4 47-4 solutions of the wave equation 47-6 47-5 the speed of sound 47-7 chapter 48. beats 48-1 adding two waves 48-1 48-2 beat notes and modulation 48-3 48-3 side bands 48-4 48-4 localized wave trains 48-5 48-5 probability amplitudes for particles 48-7 48-6 waves in three dimensions 48-9 48-7 normal modes 48-10 chapter 49. modes 49-1 the reflection of waves 49-1 49-2 confined waves, with natural frequencies 49-2 49-3 modes in two dimensions 49-3 49-4 coupled pendulums 49-6 49-5 linear systems 49-7 index chapter 50. harmonics 50-1 musical tones 50-1 50-2 the fourier series 50-2 50-3 quality and consonance 50-3 50-4 the fourier coefficients 50-5 50-5 the energy theorem 50-7 50-6 nonlinear responses 50-8 chapter 51. waves 51-1 bow waves 51-1 51-2 shock waves 51-2 51-3 waves in solids 51-4 51-4 surface waves 51-7 chapter 52. symmetry in physical laws 52-1 symmetry operations 52-1 52-2 symmetry in space and time 52-1 52-3 symmetry and conservation laws 52-3 52-4 mirror reflections 52-4 52-5 polar and axial vectors 52-6 52-6 which hand is right? 52-8 52-7 parity is not conserved! 52-8 52-8 antimatter 52-10 52-9 broken symmetries 52-11