《java编程思想(第4版)(评注版)》 第1部分 基本语法 operators（新增批注30条） 1 simpler print statements 1 using java operators 2 precedence 2 assignment 3 mathematical operators 4 unary minus and plus operators 6 auto increment and decrement 6 relational operators 7 testing object equivalence 7 logical operators 9 literals 10 exponential notation 11 bitwise operators 12 shift operators 13 ternary if-else operator 16 string operator + and += 17 common pitfalls when using .operators 18 casting operators 18 truncation and rounding 19 promotion 20 java has no “sizeof ” 20 summary 20 controlling execution （新增批注21条） 21 true and false 21 if-else 21 iteration 22 do-while 23 for 23 the comma operator 24 foreach syntax 25 return 27 break and continue 27 the infamous “goto” 29 switch 32 summary 34 第2部分 面向对象 initialization & cleanup （新增批注55条） 35 guaranteed initialization with the constructor 35 method overloading 37 distinguishing overloaded methods 39 overloading with primitives 39 overloading on return values 42 default constructors 43 the this keyword 44 calling constructors from constructors 46 the meaning of static 47 cleanup: finalization and garbage collection 47 what is finalize() for? 48 you must perform cleanup 49 the termination condition 50 how a garbage collector works 51 member initialization 54 specifying initialization 55 constructor initialization 56 order of initialization 56 static data initialization 57 explicit static initialization 59 non-static instance initialization 61 array initialization 62 variable argument lists 65 enumerated types 70 summary 72 access control （新增批注21条） 73 package: the library unit 74 code organization 75 creating unique package names 76 a custom tool library 79 java access specifiers 80 package access 80 public: interface access 81 private: you can’t touch that! 82 protected: inheritance access 83 interface and implementation 85 class access 86 summary 87 reusing classes （新增批注35条） 89 composition syntax 89 inheritance syntax 92 initializing the base class 94 delegation 96 combining composition and inheritance 97 guaranteeing proper cleanup 99 name hiding 101 choosing composition vs. inheritance 103 protected 104 upcasting 105 why “upcasting”? 106 composition vs. inheritance revisited 106 the final keyword 107 final data 107 final methods 110 final classes 112 final caution 113 initialization and class loading 113 initialization with inheritance 114 summary 115 interfaces （新增批注16条） 117 abstract classes and methods 117 interfaces 120 “multiple inheritance” in java 123 extending an interface with inheritance 125 name collisions when combining interfaces 127 fields in interfaces 127 initializing fields in interfaces 128 interfaces and factories 129 summary 130 inner classes （新增批注32条） 131 creating inner classes 131 the link to the outer class 133 using .this and .new 134 inner classes and upcasting 135 anonymous inner classes 137 factory method revisited 140 nested classes 142 classes inside interfaces 143 reaching outward from a multiply nested class 145 why inner classes? 145 closures & callbacks 148 inheriting from inner classes 150 can inner classes be overridden? 150 local inner classes 152 inner-class identifiers 153 summary 154 error handling with excep- tions（新增批注52条） 155 basic exceptions 155 exception arguments 156 catching an exception 157 the try block 157 exception handlers . 157 creating your own exceptions 159 exceptions and logging 161 the exception specification 164 catching any exception 164 the stack trace 166 rethrowing an exception 167 exception chaining 169 standard java exceptions 172 special case: runtimeexception 172 performing cleanup with finally 174 what’s finally for? 175 using finally during return 177 pitfall: the lost exception 178 exception restrictions 180 constructors 182 exception matching 187 alternative approaches 188 passing exceptions to the console 189 summary 189 第3部分 数据存储 strings（新增批注53条） 191 immutable strings 191 overloading ‘+’ vs. stringbuilder 192 unintended recursion 195 operations on strings 196 formatting output 199 printf() 199 system.out.format() 199 the formatter class 200 format specifiers 200 formatter conversions 202 string.format() 204 regular expressions 205 basics 206 creating regular expressions 208 quantifiers 210 pattern and matcher 211 split() 218 replace operations 218 reset() 220 regular expressions and java i/o 221 scanning input 222 scanner delimiters 224 scanning with regular expressions 225 stringtokenizer 225 summary 226 arrays（新增批注36条） 227 why arrays are special 227 arrays are first-class objects 228 returning an array 231 multidimensional arrays 232 arrays and generics 235 creating test data 237 arrays.fill() 238 data generators 239 arrays utilities 243 copying an array 243 comparing arrays 244 array element comparisons 245 sorting an array 248 searching a sorted array 249 summary 251 holding your objects （新增批注35条） 253 generics and type-safe containers 254 basic concepts 256 adding groups of elements 258 printing containers 259 list 261 iterator 263 listiterator 266 linkedlist 267 stack 268 set 270 map 273 queue 276 priorityqueue 277 collection vs. iterator 279 foreach and iterators 281 the adapter method idiom 283 summary 286 containers in depth （新增批注102条） 289 full container taxonomy 289 filling containers 290 a generator solution 291 map generators 292 collection functionality 294 optional operations 297 unsupported operations 298 list functionality 300 sets and storage order 302 sortedset 306 queues 307 priority queues 308 deques 309 understanding maps 310 performance 311 sortedmap 314 linkedhashmap 315 hashing and hash codes 316 understanding hashcode() 319 hashing for speed 321 overriding hashcode() 324 choosing an implementation 329 a performance test framework 330 choosing between lists 333 microbenchmarking dangers 338 choosing between sets 339 choosing between maps 341 utilities 344 sorting and searching lists 347 making a collection or map unmodifiable 349 synchronizing a collection or map 350 holding references 351 the weakhashmap 353 java 1.0/1.1 containers 355 vector & enumeration 355 hashtable 356 stack 356 bitset 357 summary 359 第4部分 核心功能 i/o（新增批注89条） 361 the file class 361 a directory lister 361 directory utilities 364 checking for and creating directories 369 input and output 370 types of inputstream 371 types of outputstream 372 adding attributes and useful interfaces 373 reading from an inputstream with filterinputstream 374 writing to an outputstream with filteroutputstream 375 readers & writers 376 sources and sinks of data 377 modifying stream behavior 377 unchanged classes 378 off by itself: randomaccessfile 379 typical uses of i/o streams 379 buffered input file 379 input from memory 380 formatted memory input 381 basic file output 382 storing and recovering data 383 reading and writing random-access files 385 piped streams 386 file reading & writing utilities 386 reading binary files 389 standard i/o 389 reading from standard input 389 changing system.out to a printwriter 390 redirecting standard i/o 391 process control 391 new i/o 393 converting data 396 fetching primitives 398 view buffers 399 data manipulation with buffers 403 buffer details 404 memory-mapped files 406 file locking 409 compression 411 simple compression with gzip 412 multifile storage with zip 413 java archives (jars) 415 object serialization 416 finding the class 419 controlling serialization 420 using persistence 427 xml 432 summary 434 concurrency （新增批注117条） 435 basic threading 435 defining tasks 435 the thread class 436 using executors 438 producing return values from tasks 440 sleeping 442 priority 443 yielding 444 daemon threads 445 coding variations 446 joining a thread 450 catching exceptions 451 sharing resources 454 resolving shared resource contention 454 atomicity and volatility 457 atomic classes 460 critical sections 462 synchronizing on other objects 462 thread local storage 463 terminating tasks 464 the ornamental garden 465 terminating when blocked 467 interruption 469 cooperation between tasks 475 wait() and notifyall() 475 notify() vs. notifyall() 479 producers and consumers 482 producer-consumers and queues 486 using pipes for i/o between tasks 491 deadlock 492 new library components 497 countdownlatch 497 cyclicbarrier 499 delayqueue 501 priorityblockingqueue 503 the greenhouse controller with scheduledexecutor 505 semaphore 508 exchanger 511 simulation 513 bank teller simulation 513 the restaurant simulation 517 distributing work 521 performance tuning 526 comparing mutex technologies 526 lock-free containers 532 readwritelocks 533 active objects 535 summary 537 第5部分 高级特性 type information （新增批注59条） 539 the need for rtti 539 the class object 541 class literals 545 generic class references 547 new cast syntax 549 checking before a cast 550 using class literals 555 a dynamic instanceof 557 counting recursively 558 registered factories 559 instanceof vs. class equivalence 562 reflection: runtime class information 563 a class method extractor 564 dynamic proxies 566 null objects 570 mock objects & stubs 575 interfaces and type information 576 summary 580 generics （新增批注126条） 583 comparison with c++ 584 simple generics 584 a tuple library 586 a stack class 588 randomlist 589 generic interfaces 590 generic methods 593 leveraging type argument inference 594 varargs and generic methods 596 a generic method to use with generators 596 a general-purpose generator 597 simplifying tuple use 598 a set utility 600 anonymous inner classes 603 building complex models 604 the mystery of erasure 606 the c++ approach 607 migration compatibility 609 the problem with erasure 611 the action at the boundaries 612 compensating for erasure 615 creating instances of types 616 arrays of generics 618 bounds 622 wildcards 625 how smart is the compiler? 628 contravariance 629 unbounded wildcards 632 capture conversion 636 issues 637 no primitives as type parameters 637 implementing parameterized interfaces 639 casting and warnings 640 overloading 641 base class hijacks an interface 642 self-bounded types 642 curiously-recurring generics 643 self-bounding 644 argument covariance 646 dynamic type safety 649 exceptions 650 mixins 651 mixins in c++ 651 mixing with interfaces 653 using the decorator pattern 654 mixins with dynamic proxies 655 latent typing 657 compensating for the lack of latent typing 660 reflection 661 applying a method to a sequence 662 when you don’t happen to have the right interface 664 simulating latent typing with adapters 665 using function objects as strategies 668 summary: is casting really so bad? 672 enumerated types （新增批注55条） 675 basic enum features 675 using static imports with enums 676 adding methods to an enum 677 overriding enum methods 678 enums in switch statements 678 the mystery of values() 679 implements, not inherits 681 random selection 682 using interfaces for organization 683 using enumset instead of flags 686 using enummap 688 constant-specific methods 689 chain of responsibility with enums 692 state machines with enums 695 multiple dispatching 700 dispatching with enums 702 using constant-specific methods 704 dispatching with enummaps 705 using a 2-d array 706 summary 707 annotations （新增批注51条） 709 basic syntax 710 defining annotations 710 meta-annotations 712 writing annotation processors 712 annotation elements 713 default value constraints 713 generating external files 714 annotations don’t support inheritance 717 implementing the processor 717 using apt to process annotations 719 using the visitor pattern with apt 723 annotation-based unit testing 726 using @unit with generics 733 no “suites” necessary 735 implementing @unit 735 removing test code 741 sum