-
人是如何学习的
当今世界正面临着一场“学习的革命”,我们将彻底改革几个世纪以来人们已经习以为常的、旧的、传统的教育观念和教学模式,创造出一种在真正意义上尊重人的主体性、激发人的创造性、相信并注意开发人的潜力、便于人与人交际与合作的崭新的教育观念和学习模式。人们对有效学习的观念已经发生了根本性的变化,教学研究的重点已从如何教转向如何学,从结果转向过程,从机械操练转向知识的理解和运用。学生不再被看成是接受知识的容器,而是知识的建构者和生成者。 《人是如何学习的》(扩展版)集合了美国当代学习科学顶尖研究人员的智慧,对人类学习的科学基础及其在教育中的应用进行了分析研究,探索更好地将学习科学方面的研究发现与实际的课堂教学连接起来的关键的问题。本书的新颖之处在于吸收了认知科学、发展心理学、神经科学、人类学等领域的重要观点和例证。来自这些领域的真知灼见开阔了我们的视野,加深了我们对“人是如何学习的”的理解,使我们能够更加从容地面对学习革命的挑战。 -
Phantoms in the Brain
Neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran is internationally renowned for uncovering answers to the deep and quirky questions of human nature that few scientists have dared to address. His bold insights about the brain are matched only by the stunning simplicity of his experiments -- using such low-tech tools as cotton swabs, glasses of water and dime-store mirrors. In Phantoms in the Brain, Dr. Ramachandran recounts how his work with patients who have bizarre neurological disorders has shed new light on the deep architecture of the brain, and what these findings tell us about who we are, how we construct our body image, why we laugh or become depressed, why we may believe in God, how we make decisions, deceive ourselves and dream, perhaps even why we're so clever at philosophy, music and art. Some of his most notable cases: A woman paralyzed on the left side of her body who believes she is lifting a tray of drinks with both hands offers a unique opportunity to test Freud's theory of denial. A man who insists he is talking with God challenges us to ask: Could we be "wired" for religious experience? A woman who hallucinates cartoon characters illustrates how, in a sense, we are all hallucinating, all the time. Dr. Ramachandran's inspired medical detective work pushes the boundaries of medicine's last great frontier -- the human mind -- yielding new and provocative insights into the "big questions" about consciousness and the self. -
认知心理学
《认知心理学》(上下)(第4版)讲认知心理学,认知心理学是心理学家对行为主义观点开始表现出怀疑的背景下发展起来的。一般认为,1956年是认知心理学诞生的一年,因为那一年发生了几起重要的事件。如Chomsky发表了他关于语言起源的理论、G.A.Miller发表了短时记忆容量有限的研究结果、Bruner等利用人工概念研究结果、Bruner等利用人工概念研究了概念形成问题、Newell和Simon开发了《通用问题解决者程序》以及Piaget也在这个前后提出了其儿童认知发展的理论。 -
意识探秘
《意识探秘:意识的神经生物学研究》内容简介:意识是科学上至今还未解决的超级秘密之一。什么是意识?意识是怎样产生的?意识有什么益处?只有人才有意识吗?为什么我们有那么多的动作并不需要意识参与其中?回答这些问题,将使我们对人之所以为人有全新的认识。《意识探秘:意识的神经生物学研究》是作者与克里克对上述这些问题长期合作研究的结果。《意识探秘:意识的神经生物学研究》探讨了动物和人主观心智的生物学基础,探讨并提出了一种意识研究的框架——用实验方法找出表达意识的神经相关物。全书以视知觉研究为切入点,结合注意、记忆、自动行为、失认症和“裂脑人”等病理现象的研究,总结了意识研究的科学基础,概括指出了我们知识的不足之处和今后研究的方向。《意识探秘:意识的神经生物学研究》反映了继克里克《惊人的假说》之后,他们合作研究的新进展。《意识探秘:意识的神经生物学研究》的语言风格亦以洗练生动见长。 -
How the Mind Works
In this extraordinary bestseller, Steven Pinker, one of the world's leading cognitive scientists, does for the rest of the mind what he did for language in his 1994 book, The Language Instinct. He explains what the mind is, how it evolved, and how it allows us to see, think, feel, laugh, interact, enjoy the arts, and ponder the mysteries of life. And he does it with the wit that prompted Mark Ridley to write in the New York Times Book Review, "No other science writer makes me laugh so much. . . . [Pinker] deserves the superlatives that are lavished on him." The arguments in the book are as bold as its title. Pinker rehabilitates some unfashionable ideas, such as that the mind is a computer and that human nature was shaped by natural selection, and challenges fashionable ones, such as that passionate emotions are irrational, that parents socialize their children, and that nature is good and modern society corrupting. -
贪婪的大脑
我们欣赏梵高的《星空》,陶醉于贝多芬的《命运交响曲》,面对白雪覆盖的山峰,敬畏之情油然而生,所有这些体验都离不开意识。然而,意识具有主观性,属于个人经验,很难准确把握。长久以来,哲学家们都声称,意识太神秘了,科学无法洞悉意识。 神经科学家丹尼尔•博尔在《贪婪的大脑:为何人类会无止境地寻求意义》一书中提出了一种新的意识运作模式,他的观点与传统的哲学观点完全不同。博尔认为,意识是大脑的产物,随着知识积累,意识也在发展。意识实际上是一个思想工厂,是经过精心选择的、致力于创新的精神空间。意识的主要任务是发现深层结构。 博尔的意识运作模式解释了我们的大脑为何会贪婪地探寻信息,尤其是那些具有模式的信息。比如,当生理需求得到满足后,我们会玩填字游戏和数独游戏。从生物学角度看,玩这些游戏只是在浪费时间;但在博尔看来,这种探寻结构的行为有重大的进化意义。正是这种对结构模式的探寻,引导人类发现了火,学会耕种。 本书将认知与创造力相联系,为解开意识这一科学谜团提供了一种独特的见解。