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复杂系统与复杂网络
《复杂系统与复杂网络》从研究复杂系统的角度来介绍复杂网络。作为一本入门引导,前五章介绍一些复杂系统理论的基础知识,包括熵、计算机与信息、非平衡统计物理学、耗散结构与协同学、临界现象与自组织临界性、混沌、元胞自动机模型、复杂性的定义与量度、有关的统计物理学方法、博弈论、数理统计、图论等。第六、第七章介绍复杂网络的一些基础知识,包括描述网络拓扑结构的统计性质以及一些有影响的网络演化模型。在第八、第九、第十章中介绍了网络上的物理传输过程、生命网络和合作网络与合作一竞争网络。其中侧重介绍了作者群体的工作。另外,《复杂系统与复杂网络》阐述了作者们对复杂网络研究前景的一些看法,特别是在第十一章中介绍了关于复杂网络动力学框架的一些最新研究。 《复杂系统与复杂网络》可作为复杂系统与复杂网络研究方向的研究生教材,也可作为相关领域研究人员的参考书。 -
The Difference
In this landmark book, Scott Page redefines the way we understand ourselves in relation to one another. "The Difference" is about how we think in groups - and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity - not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities. "The Difference" reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality.Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. Moving beyond the politics that cloud standard debates about diversity, he explains why difference beats out homogeneity, whether you're talking about citizens in a democracy or scientists in the laboratory. He examines practical ways to apply diversity's logic to a host of problems, and along the way offers fascinating and surprising examples, from the redesign of the Chicago "El" to the truth about where we store our ketchup. Page changes the way we understand diversity - how to harness its untapped potential, how to understand and avoid its traps, and how we can leverage our differences for the benefit of all. -
Emergence
A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK A VOICE LITERARY SUPPLEMENT TOP 25 FAVORITE BOOKS OF THE YEAR AN ESQUIRE MAGAZINE BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR In the tradition of Being Digital and The Tipping Point, Steven Johnson, acclaimed as a "cultural critic with a poet's heart" (The Village Voice), takes readers on an eye-opening journey through emergence theory and its applications. Explaining why the whole is sometimes smarter than the sum of its parts, Johnson presents surprising examples of feedback, self-organization, and adaptive learning. How does a lively neighborhood evolve out of a disconnected group of shopkeepers, bartenders, and real estate developers? How does a media event take on a life of its own? How will new software programs create an intelligent World Wide Web? In the coming years, the power of self-organization -- coupled with the connective technology of the Internet -- will usher in a revolution every bit as significant as the introduction of electricity. Provocative and engaging, Emergence puts you on the front lines of this exciting upheaval in science and thought. -
复杂适应系统
本书是首部全面、清晰且令人易于理解地阐述复杂适应社会系统的著作,由该领域两位权威学者联袂完成。复杂适应社会系统——不论是“政治党派”、“股票市场”,还是蚂蚁群落——都体现了社会科学在理论上与实践上所面临的一些最有趣的挑战。通过引人入胜的文字描述和难易适中且附有直观解释的技术细节,本书着重介绍了自20世纪90年代中期以来在该领域出现的关键工具与思想,以及研究此类系统所需要的支撑技术。本书详细介绍了一些相关概念,比如涌现性、自组织临界性、自动机、网络、多样性、适应性以及反馈等。它还展示了如何利用从数学到适应性主体计算模型等一系列广泛的方法来探索复杂适应系统。 -
大自然如何工作
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科学新领域的探索
《科学新领域的探索》:美国新墨西哥州洛基山脚下的圣菲研究所离洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室(LANL)不远,以研究复杂系统而著称。 在圣菲研究所永远充满了对“复杂性”这一科学新领域的激动人心的讨论。圣菲研究所拥有国际顶尖的科学家,包括因凝聚态物理的工作而获得1977年诺贝尔物理学奖的菲利普·安德森,因发现粒子物理中最基本的组分——夸克而获得1969年诺贝尔物理学奖的马瑞·盖尔曼,因普适平衡经济理论而获得1972年诺贝尔经济学奖的经济学家肯尼斯·阿罗和圣菲研究所的创始人、原美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室研究部主任乔治·科安,以及《宇宙为家》和《科学新领域的探索》的作者,麦国科学家斯图亚特·考天曼等。长期以来,物理科学领域对我们的思维模式产生过重大影响,例如牛顿的经典力学、爱因斯坦的相对论、玻尔等人的童子力学。如今,有关复杂系统,特别是现代生物学领域的研究成果,对我们的思维模式已经开始产生更为深远的影响,并将成为形成我们世界观的重要组成部分。