Foreword: Source Is Everything Acknowledgments List of Contributors Introduction Part I: Open Source: Competition and Evolution Chapter 1: The Mozilla Project: Past and Future Founding of the Mozilla Organization: Obvious for Developers, a Bold Step for Management Young Adulthood！the Mozilla Foundation The Future Chapter 2: Open Source and Proprietary Software Development Proprietary Versus Open Source? Comfort Distributed Development Collaborative Development Software Distribution How Proprietary Software Development Has Changed Open Source Some Final Words Chapter 3: A Tale of Two Standards The POSIX Standard First Implementation Past the Post Future Proofing Wither POSIX? The Win32 (Windows) Standard The Tar Pit: Backward Compatibility World Domination, Fast Wither Win32? Choosing a Standard Chapter 4: Open Source and Security Many Eyes Open Versus Closed Source Digression: Threat Models The Future Interesting Projects Conclusion Chapter 5: Dual Licensing Business and Politics Open Source: Distribution Versus Development A Primer on Intellectual Property Dual Licensing Practical Considerations Trends and the Future Global Development Open Models The Future of Software Chapter 6: Open Source and the Commoditization of Software Commoditization and the IT Industry Decommoditization: The Failure of Open Systems Linux: A Response from the Trenches "So, How Do You Make Money from Free Software?" The First Business Models for Linux Linux Commercialization at a Crossroads Proprietary Linux? What's at Stake? Chapter 7: Open Source and the Commodity Urge: Disruptive Models for a Disruptive Development Process Introduction A Brief History of Software A New Brand of Intellectual Property Protection Open Distribution, Not Source Open Source Business Models Conclusion Chapter 8: Under the Hood: Open Source and Open Standards Business Models in Context Open Standards Open Source Software The Real Business Model Open Source Complements Open Standards Complements Conclusion Chapter 9: Open Source and the Small Entrepreneur Introduction Freemacs and Open Source Freemacs and Business Packet Drivers Packet Driver Income Qmail Open Source Economics Where Do We Go from Here? For Further Reading Chapter 10: Why Open Source Needs Copyright Politics From Movable Type to MovableType Copyright in Code Secondary Liability Anticircumvention The Threat to Research Technology Mandates What About That Media Server? Chapter 11: Libre Software in Europe Brief Summary of an Already Long History The Development Community The Organization of the Community Libre Software in the Private Sector Public Administrations and Libre Software Legal Issues Libre Software in Education Research on Libre Software The Future Is Hard to Read.... Chapter 12: OSS in India Business Government Challenges in Local Adoption of OSS OSS in Education Conclusion Chapter 13: When China Dances with OSS What OSS Was and Is in China SWOT Analysis of OSS in China Where OSS Is Going for China and Beyond Chapter 14: How Much Freedom Do You Want? Livre Versus Gratis Background for Freedom: The Market Developing the Software Livre Movement Not About Price, but About Choice Choice Requires More Than Free Software How Java Technology Can Help Java Provides the Other Side of the Choice Walking the Path What to Do? We Are Getting There References Part II: Beyond Open Source: Collaboration and Community Chapter 15: Making a New World Chapter 16: The Open Source Paradigm Shift Software as Commodity Network-Enabled Collaboration Customizability and Software-as-Service Building the Internet Operating System Conclusion Chapter 17: Extending Open Source Principles Beyond Software Development How Did It Happen and How Does It Work? Working as a Group Dealing with the Disrupters The Difference Between Doing Legal Research in Public and Writing Software in Public Why and When It Works Chapter 18: Open Source Biology The Rise of Modern Biotechnology Intellectual Property and Growing Challenges Open Source Biology Synthetic Biology and Genomic Programming The Risk of Biological Hacking Future Trends in Open Source Biology Chapter 19: Everything Is Known The PACT Project The World Trade Center Recovery Effort Facilitating Emergent Collaboration Acknowledgments References Chapter 20: The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir Some Recent Press Reports Nupedia The Origins of Wikipedia Wikipedia's First Few Months A Series of Controversies My Resignation and Final Few Months with the Project Final Attempts to Save Nupedia Conclusions Chapter 21: Open Beyond Software Sports Equipment Innovation by Users and Their Communities Community-Based Innovation and Development: An Even Broader Phenomenon Reframing: Where Does Innovation Come From? Conclusion References Chapter 22: Patterns of Governance in Open Source The Empirical Problem Set: What Are We Aiming At? The Theoretical Problem: How Is Knowledge Distributed? Design Principles for a Referee Function What Should We Do Differently? Chapter 23: Communicating Many to Many The Origins of Slashdot Slashdot in the Early Days The Slashdot Effect Trolls, Anonymous Cowards, and Insensitive Clods Columbine Slashdot Grows Up September 11 Conclusion Part III: Appendixes Appendix A: The Open Source Definition The Open Source Definition, Version 1.9 Appendix B: Referenced Open Source Licenses The BSD License The GNU General Public License (GPL) The Sleepycat License The Creative Commons License Appendix C: Columns from Slashdot Simple Solutions Why Kids Kill Colophon