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墨菲定律
墨菲定律简单的来说就是:看似一件事好与坏的几率相同时,但事情总会朝着糟糕的方向发生。中国有句俗语:怕什么,来什么。这其实就是墨菲定律的另一种表达方式。本书分十个部分,从不同的方面,介绍定律、效应、法则、理论的神奇之处。在简单地介绍了每个定律或法则的来源和基本理论后,就如何运用其解释人生中的现象并指导我们的工作和生活等进行了重点阐述,是一部可以启迪智慧、改变命... -
破碎的镜子
躯体变形障碍(BDD)是患者因身体外表并不存在的缺陷或轻微缺陷而产生的心理痛苦和心理症状。在这样一个重视外表的世界,多达2%的人口正在遭受BDD带来的痛苦,但人们对此却缺少认知。《破碎的镜子》是第一本以BDD为主题的著作,作者凯瑟琳•菲利普斯博士给读者带来了权威和全面的指导。
人们不太容易发现人群中的BDD患者,一些患者的社会功能良好,但是“丑陋的痤疮”或者“恐怖的鼻子”是他们无法向人诉说的苦恼。一些症状严重的患者甚至因此拒绝出门,与世隔绝。通常,患者对自己的问题感到难堪,以至于即使面对的是他们最亲密的朋友或家人,也绝口不提这一问题。菲利普斯博士在本书中通过对案例的讲述呈现了BDD的各种行为和症状,并且提供了快速自我评估问卷辅助诊断。
本书介绍了菲利普斯博士近年来的临床实践和科学研究,包括对大约900例BDD患者的专业评估。此外还介绍了BDD疗法的新进展,为患者的家人和朋友在如何处理这种疾病方面提供了详细的建议。如果不及时治疗,BDD带来的痛苦可能会发展为精神疾患,甚至导致自杀。经过治疗,很多患者都能恢复正常生活。本书适用于专业人士对疾病的诊断,同时为患者和家人了解、对抗这种疾病提供了方法。
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Thinking in Bets
In Super Bowl XLIX, Seahawks coach Pete Carroll made one of the most controversial calls in football history: With 26 seconds remaining, and trailing by four at the Patriots' one-yard line, he called for a pass instead of a hand off to his star running back. The pass was intercepted and the Seahawks lost. Critics called it the dumbest play in history. But was the call really that bad? Or did Carroll actually make a great move that was ruined by bad luck?
Even the best decision doesn't yield the best outcome every time. There's always an element of luck that you can't control, and there is always information that is hidden from view. So the key to long-term success (and avoiding worrying yourself to death) is to think in bets: How sure am I? What are the possible ways things could turn out? What decision has the highest odds of success? Did I land in the unlucky 10% on the strategy that works 90% of the time? Or is my success attributable to dumb luck rather than great decision making?
Annie Duke, a former World Series of Poker champion turned business consultant, draws on examples from business, sports, politics, and (of course) poker to share tools anyone can use to embrace uncertainty and make better decisions. For most people, it's difficult to say "I'm not sure" in a world that values and, even, rewards the appearance of certainty. But professional poker players are comfortable with the fact that great decisions don't always lead to great outcomes and bad decisions don't always lead to bad outcomes.
By shifting your thinking from a need for certainty to a goal of accurately assessing what you know and what you don't, you'll be less vulnerable to reactive emotions, knee-jerk biases, and destructive habits in your decision making. You'll become more confident, calm, compassionate and successful in the long run.
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The Strange Order of Things
From one of our preeminent neuroscientists: a landmark reflection that spans the biological and social sciences, offering a new way of understanding the origins of life, feeling, and culture.
The Strange Order of Things is a pathbreaking investigation into homeostasis, the condition of that regulates human physiology within the range that makes possible not only the survival but also the flourishing of life. Antonio Damasio makes clear that we descend biologically, psychologically, and even socially from a long lineage that begins with single living cells; that our minds and cultures are linked by an invisible thread to the ways and means of ancient unicellular life and other primitive life-forms; and that inherent in our very chemistry is a powerful force, a striving toward life maintenance that governs life in all its guises, including the development of genes that help regulate and transmit life. In The Strange Order of Things, Damasio gives us a new way of comprehending the world and our place in it.
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“错误”的行为
准备好改变你对经济学的看法了吗?
纵观理查德·塞勒的职业生涯,我们发现他的研究始终围绕着一个激进的观点开展:经济活动的主体是人,即拥有可预测行为且容易犯错的个体。在本书中,塞勒讲述了他将经济学从高高在上的“象牙塔”中带回现实的艰难之旅,其中的故事引人入胜,并且不乏诙谐幽默,彻底改变了我们对经济学、对自己以及对整个世界的看法。
传统经济学的假设前提是,经济活动的主体是理性的经济人。研究伊始,塞勒就意识到人类与像《星际迷航》中的斯波克那样没有情感的理性人完全不同。不管是购买闹钟、转售篮球门票,还是申请抵押贷款,我们都会存在某种偏见,所做出的决定与经济学家假设的标准理性模型相去甚远。换句话说,我们的行为并不理性,甚至在传统经济学家看来是“错误”的。更重要的是,这种“错误”的行为会导致严重的后果。起初,经济学家并不屑于研究人们的错误判断及其对市场的影响,他们认为这只是一种引人发笑的“小伎俩”,无足轻重。不过,如今这些关于人类行为的研究却帮助我们在工作和生活中做出了更好的决定,也促使政府制定出更有效的政策。
本书点缀着塞勒与传统经济学思想激烈交锋的有趣故事,以独一无二的方式探索了人类深层次的弱点。当经济学遇到心理学,碰撞出的火花将对个人、管理者和决策者产生深远和富有启发性的影响。
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思维的本质
《思维的本质》是美国著名教育家约翰·杜威的代表作,胡适终生佩服杜威的实用主义哲学,陶行知深受杜威的“教育即生活,学校即社会”观点的影响。杜威认为教育必须以反省思维为目的。杜威在书中运用了大量日常生活中的案例,详细阐述了我们进行思考时的不同过程。
《思维的本质》共三大篇,第一篇是关于思维训练的问题,主要说明什么是思维、反省思维的必要性、固有的知能与思维训练、学校的情境与思维训练。
第二篇加入逻辑的考量,进行完整反省思维行为的分析、系统性的推论与试证以及阐释了判断在思维中的地位等。
第三篇则是关于思维的训练,包括活动与思维训练、语言文字与思维训练、思维训练中的观察与知识、教课与思维训练等。