目　　录 引　言　不为利润，但求价值…………………………………………………………………1 第一部分　美国非营利部门概述 第一章　定义“第三部门”……………………………………………………………………3 一　什么是非营利部门？…………………………………………………………………5 二　为何需要非营利部门？………………………………………………………………13 三　美国非营利部门全景：规模、范围与组成…………………………………………25 第二章　对手还是伙伴：与政府和商业的关系………………………………………………36 一　政府对非营利部门的扶持与监管……………………………………………………39 二　非营利部门对政府的补充、辅助与抗衡……………………………………………49 三　非营利部门与商业的关系……………………………………………………………56 第三章　“第三部门”的历史形成……………………………………………………………64 一　美国早期的慈善活动（1601～1860年）……………………………………………67 二　公益事业的制度化（1861～1930年）………………………………………………76 三　“第三部门”的崛起（1931～2001年）……………………………………………85 第四章　新世纪的挑战与趋势…………………………………………………………………89 一　总体发展前景…………………………………………………………………………90 二　主要挑战………………………………………………………………………………93 三　运作管理趋势…………………………………………………………………………96 第二部分　非营利机构的运作与管理 第五章　宗旨第一………………………………………………………………………………107 一　一切从宗旨出发………………………………………………………………………110 二　以战略性眼光确立宗旨………………………………………………………………111 三　非营利部门的领导者…………………………………………………………………118 四　规划……………………………………………………………………………………122 第六章　制度与人………………………………………………………………………………128 一　基本制度………………………………………………………………………………131 二　董事会…………………………………………………………………………………138 三　员工与志愿者…………………………………………………………………………151 第七章　从宗旨到战略：创新、营销与筹款…………………………………………………157 一　创新战略………………………………………………………………………………159 二　营销战略………………………………………………………………………………166 三　筹款战略………………………………………………………………………………172 第八章　可持续发展……………………………………………………………………………190 一　财政的可持续性………………………………………………………………………192 二　业绩的可持续性………………………………………………………………………197 三　领导力的可持续性……………………………………………………………………205 第三部分　推动民间外交的非营利机构 第九章　关注民间外交…………………………………………………………………………213 一　从官方外交到民间外交………………………………………………………………217 二　为何需要民间外交？…………………………………………………………………225 三　非营利机构的外交优势………………………………………………………………235 第十章　智库：美国的“影子政府”…………………………………………………………241 一　美国智库的昨天与今天………………………………………………………………244 二　智库与政府决策………………………………………………………………………262 三　在意见市场中的运作…………………………………………………………………273 第十一章　基金会：以私人财富推动社会进步………………………………………………278 一　基金会是非营利部门的运作秘诀……………………………………………………283 二　基金会的运作与战略…………………………………………………………………293 三　美国基金会与中国……………………………………………………………………305 第十二章　搭建中美之桥………………………………………………………………………313 一　中美民间外交的先锋…………………………………………………………………316 二　美国社会了解中国的窗口……………………………………………………………326 三　美国华裔的特殊力量…………………………………………………………………334 后　记……………………………………………………………………………………………345 英文概要…………………………………………………………………………………………359 主要英文文献资料………………………………………………………………………………362 Contents Preface　Not for Profits, but for Values .................................／1 Part Ⅰ　Overview of America’s Nonprofit Sector Chapter 1　Defining the “Third Sector” .................................／3 1　What is the Nonprofit Sector? .....................................／5 2　Why Do We Need the Nonprofit Sector? ..............................／13 3　The Anatomy of America’s Nonprofit Sector: Scale, Scope, and Structure ......................................／25 Chapter 2　Adversaries or Partners: Relations with Government and Business ......................................／36 1　Government Facilitation and Regulation ............................／39 2　Nonprofits as Supplements, Complements, and Adversaries to Government ....................................／49 3　Relationship between Nonprofits and Business ......................／56 Chapter 3　Historical Developments of the “Third Sector” ...............／64 1　Charitable Activities in Early America, 1601-1860 .................／67 2　The Institutionalization of Philanthropy, 1861-1930 ...............／76 3　The Emergence of the “Third Sector,” 1931-2001 ..................／85 Chapter 4　Challenges and Trends in the New Century ......................／89 1　Overall Outlook ...................................................／90 2　Major Challenges ..................................................／93 3　Operational Trends ................................................／96 Part Ⅱ　Nonprofit Operation and Management Chapter 5　The Mission Comes First .......................................／107 1　Why Mission Matters ...............................................／110 2　Vision-Directed Mission ...........................................／111 3　Nonprofit Leaders .................................................／118 4　Planning ..........................................................／122 Chapter 6　System and People .............................................／128 1　Basic Rules and Systems ...........................................／131 2　The Board .........................................................／138 3　Staff and Volunteers ..............................................／151 Chapter 7　From Mission to Strategies: Innovation, Marketing,and Fundraising ....................................／157 1　Innovation Strategies .............................................／159 2　Marketing Strategies ..............................................／166 3　Fundraising Strategies ............................................／172 Chapter 8　Sustainability ................................................／190 1　Financial Sustainability ..........................................／192 2　Performance Sustainability ........................................／197 3　Leadership Sustainability .........................................／205 Part Ⅲ　Roles of Nonprofits in People-to- People Diplomacy Chapter 9　Focusing on People-to-People Diplomacy ........................／213 1　From Government Diplomacy to People-to-People Diplomacy ...........／217 2　Why Do We Need People-to-People Diplomacy? ........................／225 3　Private Sector Involvement in Diplomacy: The Benefits . ...........／235 Chapter 10　Think Tanks: America’s“Shadow Government” .................／241 1　The Origin and Evolution of American Think Tanks ..................／244 2　Think Tanks and Policymaking ......................................／262 3　Think Tank Management .............................................／273 Chapter 11　Foundations:Using Private Wealth to Advance Social Progress ..／278 1　The Operational Secret of the Nonprofit Sector ....................／283 2　Foundation Operation and Strategy .................................／293 3　American Foundations and China ....................................／305 Chapter 12　Bridging the United States and China .........................／313 1　A Pioneer in U.S.-China People-to-People Diplomacy ................／316 2　A Window into China for Americans .................................／326 3　Special Contributions of Chinese Americans ........................／334 Epilogue .................................................................／345 Synopsis(in English) .....................................................／359 Selected Bibliography(in English) ........................................／362