Preface 1.Getting Started:The Precritical Response Ⅰ.Setting Ⅱ.Plot Ⅲ.Character Ⅳ.Structure Ⅴ.Style Ⅵ.Atmosphere Ⅶ.Theme 2.Traditional Approaches Ⅰ.Nature and Scope of the Traditional Approaches A.textual Scholarship:A Prerequistite to Criticism B.Types of Traditional Approaches Ⅱ.The Traditional Approaches in Practice A.traditional Approaches to Marvells "To His Coy Mistress" B.Traditional Approaches to Hamlet C.Traditional Approaches to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn D.Traditional Approaches to "Yong Goodman Brown" E.Traditional Approaches to "Everyday Use:for your grandmama" 3.The Formalistic Approach Ⅰ.Reading a Poem:An Introduction to the formalistic Approach Ⅱ.The Process of Formalistic Analysis:Making the Close Reader Ⅲ.A Brief History of Foumalistic Criticism Ⅳ.Constants of the Formalistic Approach:Some Key Concepts ,Terms,and Devices Ⅴ.The Formalistic Approach in Practice Ⅵ.Limitations of the Formalistic Approach 4.The Psychological Approach:Freud 5.Mythological and Archetypal Approaches 6.Feminist Approaches 7.Cultural Studies 8.Additional Approaches Appendises